{"formula":"SnO2","requested_formula":"SnO2","element_symbols":["O","Sn"],"element_count":2,"seo":{"in_sitemap":true,"index_worthy":true,"richness_rank":731,"richness_score":54.5},"agreement":{"source_count":3,"has_experimental":true,"agreement_score":1.0,"hull_spread_ev":0.0,"min_energy_above_hull":0.0,"mean_band_gap":0.45956666666666673,"all_spacegroups_match":true,"spacegroup_consensus":"136","recommended_source":"materials_project","sources":["jarvis","materials_project","oqmd"],"trust_tier":"high"},"stability":{"n_dft_sources":3,"dft_sources":["jarvis","materials_project","oqmd"],"min_ehull_ev":0.0,"stability_label":"stable","band_gap_min_ev":0.07,"max_band_gap_ev":2.381,"representative_band_gap_ev":2.533,"band_gap_source":"jarvis_tbmbj","bandgap_class":"wide_gap","total_synthesis_evidence":9},"structures":{"n_structures":451,"n_sources":3,"n_spacegroups":42,"best_energy_above_hull":0.0,"band_gap_min_ev":0.07,"band_gap_max_ev":2.381,"polymorphs":[{"data_source":"jarvis","release_version":null,"structure_id":"JVASP-149190","spacegroup_number":136,"crystal_system":"tetragonal","band_gap":0.718,"energy_per_atom":-1.7958,"energy_above_hull":0.0,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":3.2444,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":6,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"materials_project","release_version":null,"structure_id":"mp-856","spacegroup_number":136,"crystal_system":"tetragonal","band_gap":0.6607000000000003,"energy_per_atom":-6.742646626666667,"energy_above_hull":0.0,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":3.20749977,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":72.82143907393863,"num_sites":6,"density_g_cm3":6.87},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-1441632","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":0.0,"energy_per_atom":-1.9566200112029037,"energy_above_hull":0.0,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"jarvis","release_version":null,"structure_id":"JVASP-149227","spacegroup_number":136,"crystal_system":"tetragonal","band_gap":0.718,"energy_per_atom":-1.79572,"energy_above_hull":0.0001,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":3.2442,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":6,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"materials_project","release_version":null,"structure_id":"mp-1041584","spacegroup_number":74,"crystal_system":"orthorhombic","band_gap":0.6483999999999996,"energy_per_atom":-6.742282320833333,"energy_above_hull":0.0003643058333340221,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":5.819748833579505,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":151.49050868739357,"num_sites":12,"density_g_cm3":6.61},{"data_source":"materials_project","release_version":null,"structure_id":"mp-550172","spacegroup_number":58,"crystal_system":"orthorhombic","band_gap":0.8169999999999993,"energy_per_atom":-6.740395769999999,"energy_above_hull":0.0022508566666674668,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":3.240898,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":75.51685811698864,"num_sites":6,"density_g_cm3":6.63},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-1344058","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":1.214,"energy_per_atom":-1.95419608953624,"energy_above_hull":0.0024239216666637198,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-2477","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":1.201,"energy_per_atom":-1.95348513953624,"energy_above_hull":0.0031348716666637078,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-20078","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":1.2,"energy_per_atom":-1.95334728286957,"energy_above_hull":0.0032727283333338075,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-1441612","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":0.0,"energy_per_atom":-1.9524406270362373,"energy_above_hull":0.004179384166666411,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-1443655","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":1.231,"energy_per_atom":-1.95081607453624,"energy_above_hull":0.005803936666663789,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"jarvis","release_version":null,"structure_id":"JVASP-10037","spacegroup_number":136,"crystal_system":"tetragonal","band_gap":0.894,"energy_per_atom":-1.78599,"energy_above_hull":0.0098,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":5.801,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":12,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"jarvis","release_version":null,"structure_id":"JVASP-1228","spacegroup_number":136,"crystal_system":"tetragonal","band_gap":0.895,"energy_per_atom":-1.78587,"energy_above_hull":0.0099,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":3.2456,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":6,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"jarvis","release_version":null,"structure_id":"JVASP-22567","spacegroup_number":136,"crystal_system":"tetragonal","band_gap":0.895,"energy_per_atom":-1.78586,"energy_above_hull":0.0099,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":3.2455,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":6,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"jarvis","release_version":null,"structure_id":"JVASP-93336","spacegroup_number":136,"crystal_system":"tetragonal","band_gap":0.895,"energy_per_atom":-1.78583,"energy_above_hull":0.01,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":3.2456,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":6,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"jarvis","release_version":null,"structure_id":"JVASP-97419","spacegroup_number":60,"crystal_system":"orthorhombic","band_gap":0.964,"energy_per_atom":-1.78566,"energy_above_hull":0.0101,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":4.7561,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":36,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"materials_project","release_version":null,"structure_id":"mp-555487","spacegroup_number":60,"crystal_system":"orthorhombic","band_gap":0.8470999999999993,"energy_per_atom":-6.731266635277779,"energy_above_hull":0.011379991388888122,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":4.72669443,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":433.8485338333522,"num_sites":36,"density_g_cm3":6.92},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-11591","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":1.342,"energy_per_atom":-1.94304866731401,"energy_above_hull":0.013571343888893805,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"materials_project","release_version":null,"structure_id":"mp-12978","spacegroup_number":60,"crystal_system":"orthorhombic","band_gap":0.9699,"energy_per_atom":-6.725675158333334,"energy_above_hull":0.01697146833333285,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":4.73514617,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":142.88631956296106,"num_sites":12,"density_g_cm3":7.01},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-20079","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":1.446,"energy_per_atom":-1.9366225412029,"energy_above_hull":0.019997470000003847,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"jarvis","release_version":null,"structure_id":"JVASP-11076","spacegroup_number":60,"crystal_system":"orthorhombic","band_gap":1.214,"energy_per_atom":-1.77306,"energy_above_hull":0.0227,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":4.776,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":12,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-1443406","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":0.0,"energy_per_atom":-1.9250604245362368,"energy_above_hull":0.03155958666666692,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-1344122","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":1.45,"energy_per_atom":-1.9052438137029,"energy_above_hull":0.05137619750000377,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null},{"data_source":"materials_project","release_version":null,"structure_id":"mp-1384340","spacegroup_number":87,"crystal_system":"tetragonal","band_gap":1.8043505381006768,"energy_per_atom":-6.67405566,"energy_above_hull":0.06859096666666709,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":7.768985121783218,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":186.65849287488228,"num_sites":12,"density_g_cm3":5.36},{"data_source":"oqmd","release_version":null,"structure_id":"oqmd-1343382","spacegroup_number":null,"crystal_system":null,"band_gap":2.162,"energy_per_atom":-1.88299135453624,"energy_above_hull":0.07362865666666374,"is_experimental":false,"lattice_a":null,"lattice_b":null,"lattice_c":null,"volume":null,"num_sites":null,"density_g_cm3":null}]},"recipes":[{"data_source":"ceder_sol_gel","release_version":null,"recipe_id":"ceder-sol_gel-10.1016/j.molcata.2012.08.014-SnO2","synthesis_type":"sol_gel","step_count":null},{"data_source":"ceder_sol_gel","release_version":null,"recipe_id":"ceder-sol_gel-10.1016/j.mseb.2005.06.018-SnO2","synthesis_type":"sol_gel","step_count":null},{"data_source":"ceder_sol_gel","release_version":null,"recipe_id":"ceder-sol_gel-10.1016/j.solener.2013.10.021-SnO2","synthesis_type":"sol_gel","step_count":null},{"data_source":"ceder_solid_state","release_version":null,"recipe_id":"ceder-solid_state-10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.07.056-SnO2","synthesis_type":"solid_state","step_count":null},{"data_source":"ceder_solid_state","release_version":null,"recipe_id":"ceder-solid_state-10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.09.025-SnO2","synthesis_type":"solid_state","step_count":null},{"data_source":"ceder_solid_state","release_version":null,"recipe_id":"ceder-solid_state-10.1016/j.ssc.2010.05.045-SnO2","synthesis_type":"solid_state","step_count":null},{"data_source":"ceder_solid_state","release_version":null,"recipe_id":"ceder-solid_state-10.1016/j.ssc.2010.08.029-SnO2","synthesis_type":"solid_state","step_count":null},{"data_source":"ceder_solid_state","release_version":null,"recipe_id":"ceder-solid_state-10.1016/j.tsf.2011.08.026-SnO2","synthesis_type":"solid_state","step_count":null},{"data_source":"ceder_solid_state","release_version":null,"recipe_id":"ceder-solid_state-10.1016/s0925-4005(98)00023-9-SnO2","synthesis_type":"solid_state","step_count":null}],"patents":{"total":9,"items":[{"patent_id":"11688850","patent_number":"11688850","title":"Preparation method of SnO2@Sn coated reduced graphene oxide composite material","filing_date":null,"grant_date":null,"assignee":null},{"patent_id":"4904317","patent_number":"4904317","title":"Erosion resistant Ag-SnO.sub.2 electrical contact material","filing_date":null,"grant_date":null,"assignee":null},{"patent_id":"4817695","patent_number":"4817695","title":"Electrical contact material of Ag, SnO.sub.2, GeO.sub.2 and In.sub.2 O.sub. 3","filing_date":null,"grant_date":null,"assignee":null},{"patent_id":"11915923","patent_number":"11915923","title":"Method to clean SnO2 film from chamber","filing_date":null,"grant_date":null,"assignee":null},{"patent_id":"10840082","patent_number":"10840082","title":"Method to clean SnO2 film from chamber","filing_date":null,"grant_date":null,"assignee":null},{"patent_id":"4548910","patent_number":"4548910","title":"Dielectric ceramic of BaO-TiO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2","filing_date":null,"grant_date":null,"assignee":null},{"patent_id":"9214519","patent_number":"9214519","title":"In2O3—SnO2—ZnO sputtering target","filing_date":null,"grant_date":null,"assignee":null},{"patent_id":"5147728","patent_number":"5147728","title":"Ag-SnO.sub.2 electrical contact materials","filing_date":null,"grant_date":null,"assignee":null},{"patent_id":"6235260","patent_number":"6235260","title":"Method for producing In2O3--SnO2 precursor sol","filing_date":null,"grant_date":null,"assignee":null}]},"classes":[{"slug":"conversion-oxide-anodes","name":"Conversion Oxide Anodes","application_area":"Batteries — Anodes"},{"slug":"wide-bandgap-oxides","name":"Wide-Bandgap Oxide Semiconductors","application_area":"Semiconductors & Electronics"},{"slug":"transparent-conducting-oxides","name":"Transparent Conducting Oxides","application_area":"Semiconductors & Electronics"}],"related_articles":[{"slug":"transparent-conducting-oxides-ito-alternatives","title":"Transparent Conducting Oxides: ITO and Its Alternatives","category":"material_class","abstract":"What makes a transparent conducting oxide work, why indium tin oxide dominates, and how FTO, AZO, silver nanowires, and graphene compare as ITO alternatives.","published_at":"2026-10-01 16:21:14.029118+00:00"}],"enrichment":{"lede_html":"","analysis_html":"","model":"gemini-3.1-flash-lite","common_name":"tin dioxide","aliases":["stannic oxide","tin(IV) oxide"],"summary_html":"<p>Tin dioxide is a stable semiconducting oxide widely employed as a high-capacity anode material in batteries and as a functional component in gas sensors.</p>","applications":["Lithium-ion battery anodes","Gas sensors","Transparent conducting electrodes","Catalysis","Ceramic glazes"],"wikipedia_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin(IV)_oxide","meta_description":"Tin dioxide is a thermodynamically stable semiconducting conversion oxide anode used in high-capacity energy storage and gas sensing applications.","overview_html":"<p>Tin dioxide is a robust, thermodynamically stable semiconducting oxide that plays a critical role in electrochemical energy storage. Its ability to undergo conversion reactions makes it a subject of intense research for next-generation battery anodes seeking to surpass the capacity limitations of traditional materials.</p><p>Beyond energy storage, this compound is widely utilized in gas sensing and optoelectronic devices due to its favorable electronic properties. As one of the most extensively documented materials in its class, it serves as a foundational component for developing durable and sensitive thin-film technologies.</p>","comparison_html":"<p>Within the family of conversion oxide anodes, SnO2 distinguishes itself from transition metal-based counterparts like CuO and Fe2O3 through its unique alloying-conversion mechanism, which allows for significant lithium storage capacity while maintaining structural integrity over many cycles.</p>"},"verified_page":null,"citations":[{"source":"jarvis","attribution":"Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020).","doi":"10.1038/s41524-020-00440-1","license_spdx":"LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD"},{"source":"materials_project","attribution":"Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).","doi":"10.1063/1.4812323","license_spdx":"CC-BY-4.0"},{"source":"oqmd","attribution":"Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015).","doi":"10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4","license_spdx":"CC-BY-4.0"}],"structure_image_url":"https://prd-lg-assets.sfo3.digitaloceanspaces.com/structures/O2Sn.png","structure_source":"Materials Project"}